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Referencing and Bibliography Management Tools

Humanities,
Discipline Focus Social Sciences Humanities Multidisciplinary
Sciences

Footnote /
In-text Format (Author, Year) (Author Page) (Author, Year)
(Author, Year)

Reference List References Works Cited Bibliography References
Title

Title Formatting Sentence case Title case Title case Title case

Publisher Info Required Required Required Required

DOI/URL Mandatory for Optional for Often included Sometimes
Inclusion digital digital included

Page Number in Optional Required Required (notes) Optional (quotes
In-text (quotes only) only)

Capitalization Journal: Title Title Case Title Case Title Case
Rules Case

Digital Media High Moderate High Moderate
Flexibility

6. Citation Style Language (CSL): Facilitating Citation Generation

The Citation Style Language (CSL) is an open XML-based language that standardizes the
formatting of bibliographic references. Originally developed by Bruce D’Arcus and colleagues,
CSL enables automated citation styling in various bibliographic tools such as Zotero,
Mendeley, JabRef, and Papers.

6.2 Structure and Elements

CSL defines how references should appear in both in-text citations and
bibliographies.

Key elements include:

<citation>: Format for in-text citation

<bibliography>: Format for reference list