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Referencing and Bibliography Management Tools

AU – Author

TI – Title

PY – Publication year

DO – DOI

ER – End of record

3.3 Features of RIS

 Highly interoperable
 Easy to parse and edit
 Widely accepted by publishers and academic platforms

3.4 Importing and Exporting in RIS

Exporting from Scopus or PubMed yields RIS files that can be imported into Zotero, EndNote,
etc. Reference managers can export entire libraries or individual citations in RIS format for
collaboration or migration.

3.5 Limitations

 Lacks support for complex data structures
 Limited extensibility compared to XML or JSON formats
 No embedded full-text handling (only metadata)

4. BibTeX Format

4.1 What is BibTeX?

BibTeX is a reference management format for use with LaTeX documents, widely adopted in
academic publishing, especially in the sciences, mathematics, and engineering fields.

4.2 Structure and Syntax
A BibTeX file consists of entries with a defined structure:

@article{smith2022climate,