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evaluation metrics. Whether the goal is to build a new library wing, implement a digital lending

system, or train staff in emerging cataloguing standards, planning provides the structured
approach necessary to carry out these tasks successfully.

The purpose of planning in libraries can be outlined through several dimensions. Planning
promotes efficiency by ensuring that resources—financial, human, and physical—are utilized

optimally. It prevents waste, avoids duplication of efforts, and sets measurable performance

targets. Second, planning fosters adaptability. In an age where technologies evolve rapidly and
user needs shift constantly, libraries must be prepared to recalibrate their services and spaces.

Planning enables this flexibility. Third, planning serves as a communication tool. It provides a
shared framework through which staff, administrators, funders, and stakeholders understand

the library’s priorities and direction. Lastly, planning supports accountability. When activities
are grounded in a documented plan, it becomes easier to assess outcomes, learn from

experiences, and refine future strategies.

Types of Planning in Library Management

Libraries engage in various types of planning, each suited to different timelines, goals, and

organizational layers. These types often overlap and tell one another, forming a continuum of

strategic intent and operational detail.

Strategic Planning is the highest level of planning. It addresses long-term goals, typically

spanning three to five years or longer. Strategic planning addresses questions: What is the
library’s mission? What are its core values? Where does it want to be in five years? It includes

environmental scanning, SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats), and
vision formulation. Strategic plans establish broad goals and outline the means to achieve them.

Tactical Planning translates strategic goals into specific departmental or functional targets. It

is a medium-term commitment, typically spanning one to three years. For example, if a
strategic goal is to improve user engagement, a tactical plan might involve launching new user

training sessions, improving signage, or introducing feedback mechanisms.

Operational Planning is short-term and highly detailed. It focuses on the day-to-day or weekly

functioning of library services. Tasks like scheduling staff shifts, organizing book displays, or

updating the online catalog fall under this category. Operational plans are typically created by
mid-level managers or supervisors to ensure the the smooth implementation of tactical goals.

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